Kim peek brain scan8/18/2023 ![]() Poor interaction: gaze (engagement), social referencing, joint attention, reciprocity of smileīizarre responses: response to name, response to sounds, response to verbal commands, anticipatory posture for being picked up Secondary behaviours such as relating to language are not seen before 4 years of age and therefore autism is often diagnosed late.Eidetic imagery: longitudinal results in brain-damaged children. Idiot savant with unusual mechanical ability. Washington, DC: American Association on Mentalīrink, T. ![]() (1983) Classification in mental retardation. Neurophysiology of Talent and Special Abilities. (1988) Special Talents of autistic savants. Emergence of artistic talent in fronto-temporal dementia. Is integer arithmetic fundamental to mental processing? Proc. (1999) The Savant Syndrome: Intellectual Impairment and Exceptional Skill. Autism: new data suggests a new hypothesis. Current research in the area of Autism and Savant Syndrome. Savant Syndrome: An Extraordinary Condition – A Synopsis: Past, Present, Future. possible future advances in our knowledge and understanding right hemisphere compensation following left hemisphere injury predicts only some people with autism will develop savant skills preservative attention and expanded primary pattern extraction temporal and parietal polysensory areas one of these sites is the basis for savant skill autism shows several sites of pathology absolute pitch associated with larger planum temporale in left hemisphere melody recall is associated with left hemisphere prosodic features of speech (usually right hemisphere mediated) may be However, some argue against this hypothesis: Information not normally available through introspection” savant syndrome individuals have “privileged access to lower levels of savant processes in the brain occur in everyone but are drowned out by savant-type skill possible for some, not all used to temporarily halt left hemisphere functioning rTMS investigations: (Snyder & Mitchell 1999) The left temporal lobe with enhanced function of the posterior cortex” “The anatomic substrate for the savant syndrome may involve loss of function in bilateral ↓anterior temporal lobe perfusion SPECT imaging of 9 year old autistic savant: (Hou 2000) ‘paradoxical functional facilitation’ of artistic and musical skills” “Loss of function in the left anterior temporal lobe may lead to the 5 Frontotemporal Dementia patients acquired artistic skills: (Miller 1998) Right hemisphere compensation following left hemisphere injury subsequent savant mechanical skill (Brink 1980) PET scans have shown ↓5-HT synthesis in left hemisphere in autism left brain dysfunction : right brain activity in autism savant skills tend to be right hemisphere in type memory cannot totally explain savant skills (Hermelin 2001) not enough evidence for skills in relatives English, French, Spanish, German, Finnish, Lithuanian, Mathematics, sequence memory, language skills Macrocephaly, cerebellar damage, agenisis of corpus callosum outstanding knowledge in particular fields ability to know how much time has elapsed ability considered extraordinary even if viewed in a non-impaired person ability that is abnormally high in view of cognitive impairment obsessions with/memorisation of music, trivia, maps etc. Multiple skills more common in autistic savants very deep and narrow, associated with particular skill Ethical issues surrounding search for a cure Brain function models must include this coexistence of mental disability and “Training the talent” as a “Conduit towards normalisation” Responsible for increasing awareness of Autism focussed on core deficit-linked behaviours al., developed the Flinders Observation Schedule of Pre-verbal phobias, sleep disorders, eating disorders, temper tantrums and self-directed restricted, stereotyped, repetitive behaviour abnormal functioning in the three areas of psychopathology: presence of abnormal/impaired development before aged 3 years Also present in other developmental disabilities or CNS injury/disease 50% people with savant syndrome have autistic spectrum disorder 10% people with autism have savant syndrome “Island of genius” involving increased memory skills remarkable behaviour is extraordinary in normal context intellectual deficit is marked and broad “Persons with obvious mental who areĬapable of performing remarkable feats in sharplyĬircumscribed areas at a remarkably high level”
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